HTML Entities
strong
HTML entities provide us with a powerful set of codes to use for symbols which are not on the keyboard.>
E.g.
The sign of square root, the sign of integration and many more like that.
The following table give some of the important ones.
Character |
Number |
Name |
Description |
∏ |
∏ |
∏ |
prod |
∑ |
∑ |
∑ |
sum |
√ |
√ |
√ |
square root |
∝ |
∝ |
∝ |
proportional to |
∞ |
∞ |
∞ |
infinity |
∠ |
∠ |
∠ |
angle |
∴ |
∴ |
∴ |
therefore |
≠ |
≠ |
≠ |
not equal |
≡ |
≡ |
≡ |
equivalent |
Α |
Α |
Α |
Alpha |
Β |
Β |
Β |
Beta |
Γ |
Γ |
Γ |
Gamma |
Δ |
Δ |
Δ |
Delta |
Ε |
Ε |
Ε |
Epsilon |
Η |
Η |
Η |
Eta |
Θ |
Θ |
Θ |
Theta |
Λ |
Λ |
Λ |
Lambda |
Μ |
Μ |
Μ |
Mu |
Π |
Π |
Π |
Pi |
Ρ |
Ρ |
Ρ |
Rho |
Σ |
Σ |
Σ |
Sigma |
Τ |
Τ |
Τ |
Tau |
Υ |
Υ |
Υ |
Upsilon |
Φ |
Φ |
Φ |
Phi |
Χ |
Χ |
Χ |
Chi |
Ψ |
Ψ |
Ψ |
Psi |
Ω |
Ω |
Ω |
Omega |
‾ |
‾ |
‾ |
overline |
€ |
€ |
€ |
euro |
Thanks to the availability of entities, we can create symbols for the following relationships:
* Mean = ∑X/∑f
* Resistance of an electric bulb = 278Ω
* Inflation ∝ Oil Price
* Area of a circle = πr2
* E = mc2
* Carbon Dioxide = CO2
* Water = H2O
Hexadecimal Numbers
In normal numbers which we deal with regularly, the base is 10.
E.g.
5 = 5x100
23 = 2x101 + 3x100
123 = 1x102 + 2x101 + 3x100
3123 = 3x103 + 1x102 + 2x101 + 3x100
In Hexadecimal numbers, the base is 16. Therefore, we have to use the digits 1 - 9 and letters A - F as well text-muted to represent the numbers.
E.g.
30(Dec) => 30/16 => 1R14 => 1E(Hex)
40(Dec) => 40/16 => 2R8 => 28(Hex)
50(Dec) => 50/16 => 3R2 => 32(Hex)
500(Dec) => 90/16 => 5R10 => 5A(Hex)
Web Colour Code
Using Hexadecimal numbers, 16-million colours can be made on web pages. We use two Hexadecimal numbers for each primary colour.
E.g.
|~~|~~|~~| = |Red|Green|Blue|
#FF0000 = Red
#00FF00 = Green
#0000FF = Blue
#FFFF00 = Yellow
#FFFACD = Lemonchiffon
HTML5 Colour Maker
Choose a number between 0 - 255 for the three primary colours, and then mix them to produce the colour of your choice; 255 x 255 x 255 = 16,000000!
Meta Tags
Meta tags are used to describe the web page, include the key words and other information about the data in the page; the contents of meta data are not displayed on a web page. Meta tags are in the head section.
<head>
<meta name="description" content="The Book of HTML5" />
<meta name="keywords" content="HTML,CSS,XML,HTML5" />
<meta name="author" content="Vivax Solutions" />
<meta https-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />
</head>
HTML5 Image Maps
The image map was produced by the following code. Two rectangles - for Scotland and Wales - and a circle -for Wales.
Then the coordinates were specified for each region on the following basis:
"top,left" and "bottom,right" for a rectangle; "centre,radius" is for a circle.
Please note that the values are approximate, due to irregular nature of the borders.
<img src="imagemaps.gif" width="300" height="450" alt="Great Britain" usemap="#britishmap" />
<map name="britishmap">
<area shape="rect" coords="60,0,110,110" href="https://www.visitscotland.com/" />
<shape="circle" coords="75,130,20" href="https://www.visitwales.com/" />
<shape="rect" coords="50,170,160,280" href="https://www.visitengland.com/" />
</map>
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